column: vertical arrangement on a page of horizontal lines of type.
alley: spaces between text.
module: spaces between paragraphs.
gutter: the blank space, at which two pages come together in a 2 page spread.
folio: page number
A multiple column grid makes it easy for the reader to read.
There is only one space for a period so that it can be different from other characters and punctuations.
character: a mark, symbol, or sign, including letterforms and numbers, in language systems.
The optimal number of character per line is 60.
The baseline grid is used in design because designs weighted to the bottom are more pleasing to look at.
A river in typography is the spaces in between words in a paragraph that line up close enough to be noticable.
A hang line in typography is a horixontal measure that divides the page into spatial divisions and creates additional alignment points for the placement of the visual elements.
You can incorporate what space into the design as a block of color and to separate text.
Type color/texture: weight or boldness of a letter.
x-height is the height of the lowercase letters without ascenders and descenders. It effects type color by making it much visually thicker.
tracking: the typographic technique used to adjust(open and tighten) the overall spacing of words, lines, and paragraphs to improve the readable appearance of text.
kerning: the typographic technique used to adjust the slight distance between letters to avoid character collisions, as well as irregular and unwanted spaces. The most common kerning pairs are HL, HO, OC, OT, AT.
In justification, the numbers minimum amount of awkwardness, the optimum amount of readability, and the maximum amount of words on a line.
The optimum space between words is an en space.
Some ways to indicate a new paragraph is by having a gap or space with no text, or an indent. No rules unless its is for a book vs. a formal letter.
Never hyphenate a word in a headline, it must be at the right spot of a word for justifications, longer ones are for pauses in sentences.
ligature: a stroke or bar connecting two characters.
CMYK: cyan, magenta, yellow, key
RGB: red, green, blue.
hanging punctuation: is a way of typesetting punctuation marks and bullet points, most commonly quotation marks and hyphens, so that they do not disrupt the 'flow' of a body of text.
Apostrophes and quotation marks are curved and footmarks and inch marks are straight.
A hyphen is strictly for hyphenating words, en dash indicates a duration, such as hourly ditme, and an em dash often used in a manner similar to a colon or parentheses.
widow: one or two words that are left over at the end of the paragraph.
orphan: one or two words from the previous spread that start on a new page.
